![]() (GFA + CWIP) at the end of the year – (GFA + CWIP) at the start of the year It can also be calculated by deducting net fixed assets & CWIP at the start of the year from the net fixed assets & CWIP at end of the year and adding back the depreciation for the year. Capex = capital expenditure including maintenance capex and capital work in progress (CWIP)Ĭapex for any year can be calculated as the difference between gross fixed assets (GFA) & CWIP at the start of the year and the end of the year. ![]() It is calculated as the surplus cash with the company after meeting its capital expenditure requirements. We believe that free cash flow (FCF) is the ultimate measure of the investability of any company. The article also includes responses to the queries asked by readers about various finer aspects of Free Cash Flow analysis. It is one of the most important tools in the valuation of a Company since this helps to know how much cash the company can generate in a given set of parameters.The current article explains the concept of Free Cash Flow (FCF), its importance in investment decision-making along with illustrative examples of companies with a positive free cash flow and with a negative cash flow.Investors prefer free cash flow as net income measures a firm’s financial performance because it is more difficult to manipulate than net income.Without cash, developing new products, making acquisitions/up-gradating machinery, paying dividends, and discharging the debt is impossible. It allows the firms to pursue opportunities for the shareholders to enhance the value of their investments.Free cash flow to the firm is important because it reflects the amount of cash flow available to all the investors, including bondholders and shareholders of the firm.Relevance and Uses of Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF Formula) It represents the cash inflow or outflow in the firm and excludes cash and cash equivalents and short-term debt (notes payable and CPLTD). Less: Capital Expenditure (Capex) – Cash Flow Statement (Investing)ĬAPEX or Capital expenditures are the funds that a business uses to obtain a long-term advantage (purchase goods or services) to expand the company’s abilities to generate profits.Īdd: Change in Working Capital – Cash Flow Statement (Operating) Amortization is the process of writing off deferred revenue expenditure over more than one accounting period. Depreciation is the gradual reduction in the value of an asset over its estimated useful life span. Examples include interest income, interest expense, gain/loss on disposal of fixed assets, and other one-time charges.Īdd: Depreciation & Amortization – Cash Flow Statement (Operating)Īny reduction in the value of the intangible assets is called amortization. Non-operating expenses incurred during a certain period of time that is unrelated to the core business. ![]() Less: Non-Operating Expenses: Income Statement Net tax paid on the Earnings before tax (EBT) amount and escapes the capitalization impact. Net income includes the amount of funds that remains, after all, operating expenses, taxes, interest, and preferred stock dividends being deducted from the company’s total revenue. Here’s where we can find the financial items to calculate the Free Cash Flow to the Firm: The formula for free cash flow to the firm is: ![]() It means that the cash flow available with Inc’s suppliers of capital after all operating expenses made and meeting investments in working and fixed capital expenses. Now, we will calculate the Free Cash Flow to the Firm by using the formula: It means that the cash flow available with Apple Inc.’s suppliers of capital after all operating expenses made and meeting investments in working and fixed capital expenses. Tax Rate = Net Tax Paid / Cash Paid for Interest, Before Taxįree Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF) = Cash Flow from Operations + Interest Expense * (1 – Tax Rate) – Capital Expenditures (CAPEX)Īpple Inc.’s FCFF has increased from 2017 to 2018. Now, we will calculate the Free Cash Flow to the Firm by using the formula: We have key financial figures of Apple Inc. FCFF is calculated using the formula given belowįCFF = Net Income+ Non Cash Charges + Interest Expense * (1 – Tax Rate) – Investments in Working Capital – Capital Expenditures (CAPEX)įCFF = Earnings before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) X (1 – Tax Rate) + Depreciation & Amortization – Long-Term Investments (Capex) – Investments In Working Capital ![]()
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![]() An axon is a tube-like structure that propagates the integrated signal to specialized endings called axon terminals. The cell body contains a specialized structure, the axon hillock that integrates signals from multiple synapses and serves as a junction between the cell body and an axon. Once a signal is received by the dendrite, it then travels passively to the cell body. Dendrites can have small protrusions called dendritic spines, which further increase surface area for possible synaptic connections. Although some neurons do not have any dendrites, some types of neurons have multiple dendrites. Dendrites are tree-like structures that extend away from the cell body to receive messages from other neurons at specialized junctions called synapses. ![]() Neurons also contain unique structures, illustrated in Figure 16.3 for receiving and sending the electrical signals that make neuronal communication possible. Like other cells, each neuron has a cell body (or soma) that contains a nucleus, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and other cellular components. Sweeney, NOAA credit f: modification of work by NIH) (credit e: modification of work by Michael Vecchione, Clyde F.E. In (f) vertebrates, the brain and spinal cord comprise the central nervous system, while neurons extending into the rest of the body comprise the peripheral nervous system. Mollusks such as squid and (e) octopi, which must hunt to survive, have complex brains containing millions of neurons. In addition to a brain, (d) arthropods have clusters of nerve cell bodies, called peripheral ganglia, located along the ventral nerve cord. In animals exhibiting bilateral symmetry such as (c) planarians, neurons cluster into an anterior brain that processes information. In (b) echinoderms, nerve cells are bundled into fibers called nerves. In (a) cnidarians, nerve cells form a decentralized nerve net. Nervous systems vary in structure and complexity. Octopi may have the most complicated of invertebrate nervous systems-they have neurons that are organized in specialized lobes and eyes that are structurally similar to vertebrate species. ![]() These ganglia can control movements and behaviors without input from the brain. It contains a brain, ventral nerve cord, and ganglia (clusters of connected neurons). The insect nervous system is more complex but also fairly decentralized. Flatworms of the phylum Platyhelminthes have both a central nervous system (CNS), made up of a small “brain” and two nerve cords, and a peripheral nervous system (PNS) containing a system of nerves that extend throughout the body. Others, like jellyfish, lack a true brain and instead have a system of separate but connected nerve cells (neurons) called a “nerve net.” Echinoderms such as sea stars have nerve cells that are bundled into fibers called nerves. Some organisms, like sea sponges, lack a true nervous system. Nervous systems throughout the animal kingdom vary in structure and complexity, as illustrated by the variety of animals shown in Figure 16.2.
![]() I don't know if it would be necessary to put it in here, but it'd be helpful nevertheless. Secondly, maybe a character build (or class) used for construction rather than fighting would be a nice addition. (Since we can't edit right now, I'll just drop this suggestion here.)įirst of all, this isn't really a "weapon setups" guide but rather a "classes" or "character build" guide. I consider this guide to be really helpfull but it does need a lot of updates and better information. I've asked someone to take a look at that, but it may take some time, considering a simple change to the group rights apparently isn't working. Knightsabers 2:37 PM, 5/31/13 According to the Group Rights you should now be able to edit those articles, but for some reason it isn't working. I would love if guides were open to editing. Its a great idea, but it could use some more description, like maybe how to use it and the actual statistics of the weaponry included in the class. ![]() The page would be growing more if guides weren't blocked to editing by non-admins, apparently. Chibs84 05:04, 14 December 2011 (UTC) Thanks for adding that ^. I placed a link to this guide at the top of the main 'weapons' page to increase its prominence and speed its growth. Structuring the page with an early game/mid game/late game format seems sensible. If you have content ideas, please add them. There didn't appear to be a similarly generic guide anywhere otherwise, I would have flagged this one for deletion. Perhaps this page could be saved with a complete rewrite, with setups split in categories per damage type and arranged by order when the items in question are commonly acquired by players? - Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.153.29.155 at 13:11, 13 December 2011 (UTC) That's what it means to be a 'stub' article it has to start somewhere. I can understand gameplay guides in a game wiki, but this page - why does it even exist? All the actual content was created by one IP and it merely lists some obvious synergies between weapons and armor bonuses with very bad examples.
![]() ![]() With EdgeWorkers, developers can implement their own logic in JavaScript code on Akamai’s edge servers distributed all over the world, and automatically deploy and run it on edge servers close to the access source. However, as Enigmo started relying more on web caching to handle peak traffic, some requests would not reach the origin server and cookies processed by the server would not work properly.Įnigmo investigated whether Akamai EdgeWorkers could solve this problem by moving cookie processing logic performed on the origin server to the edge. BUYMA also migrated cookie processing from the client to the origin server. For sites that attracted many iPhone users who would visit more than seven days apart, the ITP restrictions meant that cookies needed to be set on the server side. First-party cookies for a company’s server domain were also set to expire after seven days. For example, starting with Intelligent Tracking Prevention (ITP) 2.1, Apple began restricting the use of cookies set through JavaScript APIs in the browser. In recent years, concerns about privacy protection have led to more restrictions on client-side cookie use. Enigmo uses cookies to implement these types of user-tracking features. Furthermore, the company needs to measure campaign results through metrics such as access analysis. BUYMA places great importance on delivering personalized services like product recommendations. However, this resulted in a new challenge. Enigmo was concerned about system instability during peak traffic, so the company decided to rely more on web caching across the entire site, including dynamic content such as campaign landing pages. Users tend to flood the site immediately after the announcements of big sales, such as Black Friday and Cyber Monday, and then again once the sales begin. Using edge coding for tightening cookie regulationsīUYMA delivers most of its advertising campaigns through television commercials and social media. ![]() ![]() “A stable base also allows application developers to manage apps more easily, which is crucial for creating a modern development environment where we can quickly provide convenient features at the right time.” Kenji Ozawa, Director, Engineering Department at Enigmo. “For us to create a true specialty marketplace, our website needs to be stable and continuously available so that our users can use our services without any stress,” says Mr. Consumers expect a high-quality shopping experience, and Enigmo considers the stability and usability of the website to be important factors when delivering that experience. In other words, it is a place to find special items for special occasions, not just everyday necessities. Beyond just luxury fashion items, the lifestyle category - which includes everything from furniture to kitchen utensils - grew rapidly as more people started working at home during the pandemic.Įnigmo distinguishes BUYMA from other digital commerce sites with its focus on being a specialty marketplace. The marketplace currently has 8.5 million users working with 170,000 personal shoppers, exchanging more than 5.6 million items from 15,000 brands. Since then, members and sales have grown steadily. This unique business model has attracted attention since BUYMA started in 2005. Personal shoppers compete to curate local products, list them on the site, and sell them to other individuals in consumer-to-consumer transactions. Consumers can buy fashion items from overseas brands that are difficult to obtain in Japan, new brands that are not yet available in Japan, or other products that have special, personal value - all for a reasonable price. Shopping the world with BUYMA, the secure and easy shopping serviceīUYMA is a marketplace operated by Enigmo where people can purchase items from individual buyers, referred to as “personal shoppers,” around the world. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The point is, you should use your own creative license in describing the image to your website visitors. Sure, “human head” is a great description for a video game, movie, or book, but it could also describe a video game character (like an elf) or a human, or a picture of a human. You are not saying “this is an image of a human head. While it is somewhat important to stick to it, you are not saying anything about the image or video you are using. The first thing you should keep in mind is that hoco is a very generic description. But there are some key things that all professionals should spend some time on, even if they are a little more than others. Search engine optimization is a complex, multilayered activity. So there is no reason to use hoco in the description of your website unless you want to. You don’t have to use it in your logo, as a keyword, or in the title of your website. The most important element of hoco is that it is a description of the elements in the image. Still, there are certain elements of hoco that you should stick to. Watch popular content from the following creators: Pipe downnn(peytonnngratz), Caitlin(cait.gwin), INSTA CAPTIONS(insta. It’s also tough to edit since it is specific to the image or video you are trying to use. Discover short videos related to hco captions on TikTok. ![]() It is not a word you should use in front of your website, and it is very difficult to search for examples of it in search engines. Some people have a love-hate relationship with the term “hoco”. You want to be able to use the tagline to show off your work. You don’t want to use the tagline in a way that means that your website is not working in the way you think it should. One of the first things you should do is search for a tag you can use. If you want to create a tagline, you need to start with the title and then take a few minutes to figure out which one to use. It would be a nice way to show off your photography skills. You could look at them and then have a few different people put things in the museum. I imagine them as being like a little mini museum. I think in the future I’d like to make my own captions. I like the idea of creating my own caption and then tagging your work with the appropriate tagline. You can go and have your own caption based on your own work. I use them as one tagline to tie to a website. The best way to get one is to make your own title. It’s a game where the player is a photographer who wants to caption his or her home. If you re on the hunt for the perfect way to capture all your Homecoming fun, keep scrolling for some of our favorite HOCO-themed Insta captions. My friends and I are working on a little game in our spare time called “Hoco Caption”. It’s not a big deal to the most creative painter, but if you’re one of those people who wants to paint your home, you’re going to have to be a creative person. ![]() ![]() In case you're uncertain about purchasing something or don't have the required credits, you can just add that thing(s) to your wish list. IMVU will give you around 1,000 credits to start with after creating your account. Here, you'll be able to purchase various virtual items, like clothing, rooms, furniture, etc., using credits. It's the biggest of its kind, with over 20 million Virtual Reality goods. Other groups include Pets (cats, dogs, dragons), Avatars, Mod Icons (turn avatar into objects like gravestone or smiley face), and Accessories (jewelry, weapons, glasses). These include Tops (coats, tattoos, normal tops), Bottoms (pants, shorts, jeans), Hairstyles (and colors), Eyes, Skins, Actions (dance, power, etc.), and Heads (change form and size of your head). All the Dress-Up items are split into twelve groups. This tab allows you to change your look, taking you to the dress-up room. ![]() Below, we look at the most useful features: Sure, some may be more vital than others. You might be asked to update the Client, which shouldn't take more than 10 minutes. Upon doing that, you'll be able to sign in to your IMVU account through the 'IMVU Client'. But, you'll need to download and install the ' IMVU Client' to use IMVU.Īfter successfully creating your account, the next screen will prompt you to download the 'IMVU Client'. Upon doing all of the above, you'll have an account and an avatar. Next, you'll be required to create your desired password before filling in personal details and completing the security check.You'll also be using the same to sign into IMVU. It's the name which will be visible to other users. Now, you can select your desired avatar name.IMVU provides a broad range of avatars to select from for each gender. You'll then be prompted to choose your gender.Head to and click the 'Sign Up' button.Follow the steps listed below to create your free IMVU account: It's quite simple to create an IMVU account. Social networkers (making contacts and chatting with other people).Most IMVU users are typically comprised of: ![]() IMVU is available for both Windows and Mac platforms and in multiple languages, including English, Italian, French, German, Dutch, Indonesian, Spanish, Swedish, and more. ![]() With its virtual play capabilities, you'll be able to chat with other users, meet new people, make new friends, play games, customize your style, and even build houses. IMVU can prove to be extremely fun, especially if you're quick to understand how you ought to use it. Currently, it boasts over 50 million users, with more than 3 million new people joining the platform each month. Having been around for over 13 years now, millions of individuals have populated this community. Its main rivals are popular chat sites like Second Life and Habbo. It's basically like Yahoo, MSN, or any other social software application, except you're now in a 3D world which offers endless potentials of imagination. It's led by a dedicated team that's committed to pioneering innovative, cutting-edge technologies like virtual reality. Unlock all the awesome items in IMVU for free!Ībout IMVU & Free IMVU Credits What's IMVU? IMVU Inc., based in California and founded in 2004, is an avatar-based software that's used to interact with other people from all around the world. There is no more reason to hesitate or use less-than-great options to get your credits. People may wonder what is in it for us? Why would we offer free IMVU credits for nothing in return? The short answer is that we generate money through our extensive network of GPT websites and occasional third-party advertisements which are displayed on the site. Our team is aware that money is tight in the current economy which is the reason this great tool was developed in the first place. It's a great meeting place online for friends of all ages. Our team has discovered the code generation algorithm which IMVU uses so until they change it, we will be able to supply our visitors with IMVU credits card codes. Our service operates completely server-side so you have nothing to download, ever. Our tool enables our users to obtain real IMVU credits in denominations of $10, $25, and $50. The eCard database was last updated on August 2023. ![]() Our giveaway service is consistently updated to keep our visitors satisfied.
![]() We will use Linux and perform custom/manual code signing with Codemagic. In this post, we will set up the development and distribution of iOS apps without Mac. He also founded and ran a marketing/PR agency for five years, specializing in digital creative services. MacPorts base can be compiled on Linux (and possibly other POSIX-compatible systems) where it is mainly used to set up mirrors and generate support files for installations on macOS. However, with the combination of React Native and Codemagic, you can develop and distribute iOS apps without using macOS. A decade in print journalism has honed his writing and editorial skills while helping develop managerial experience. He also started three IT periodicals covering Windows PCs, consoles and consumer tech. In the early 2000s, Chris worked his way to become Editor-in-Chief of a gaming magazine. It sparked a lifelong love for writing so strongly that he dropped out and took a leap of faith in journalism. From here, double-click the Terminal application to open it up. Like any other application, you can find it by going into Finder, navigating to the Applications folder, and then into the Utilities folder. See this page for instructions on setting the PATH on Linux and Mac. Step 1 Using the macOS Terminal To access the command line interface on your Mac, you’ll use the Terminal application provided by macOS. In his graduation year, he contributed to a weekly magazine about enterprise and started a faculty e-zine distributed on campus on floppy disks. The final step is to make sure that the vault binary is available on the PATH. He's been blogging online since 2008 at places like Tom's Guide, 9to5Mac, and iDownloadBlog though his journalism experience spans 20+ years.īack in the 1990s when the web was born, Chris studied Information Science specializing in Expert Systems and Management Information Systems. He also enjoys covering Windows, Android, Entertainment, Streaming, and popular devices and apps. Frameworks like Flutter, React Native, or Xamarin allow you to target multiple platforms with the same code base, which can save a lot of development time if that is something you plan on doing.Christian joined MakeUseOf in 2021 as a technical writer predominantly focused on Apple's platforms. You can install Mac OS X alongside your normal operating system and easily download Xcode on it.Īnother way is to shift to a different development tool instead of using Objective-C or Swift code. 10.10 Support: 10.10 users must install Xcode version 6.0 or later (via a free download from the AppStore, or must at least install the Command Line Tools for. On the other hand, if you’re willing to dip into some technical stuff to secure a long-term solution, virtualization might be the answer for you. This approach costs very little and allows you to start developing without any complicated setup. If you’re looking for convenience, then the simplest method to get Xcode running on a Windows computer is by renting a Mac. What Is the Best Way To Run Xcode And Develop iOS Apps on Windows 10 and 11? It’s free and open-source, with readily available tutorials to help you get started. We need Xcode for Homebrew for installation and compiling apps. ![]() We can use Xcode to produce apps for macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS. ReactNative leverages the powerful and flexible React framework to allow developers to craft apps for iOS or Android using Javascript. Step 1 Installing xcode to install brew on Mac. ![]() ![]() ![]() It also stars Tahir Raj Bhasin, Pankaj Tripathi, Saqib Saleem, Jatin Sarna, Ammy Virk, Harrdy Sandhu amongst others.Ĩ3 is scheduled for a release on 24 December 2021. The film witnesses Deepika Padukone not only in a pivotal role, but she is also a producer on the project. Meanwhile, 83 is a biographical film based on the 1983 Cricket World Cup. ![]() □ Hey Bhagvaan Krk Ab 83 ki bhi Ache Se Lega … Tharki Maanus. “Hey Bhagvaan Krk Ab 83 ki bhi Ache Se Lega … Tharki Maanus. Matlab saamne wale ki maar bhi lo.phir usay ghar tak bhi chhod ke aao…bade zalim ho miya…□□ One minute Before KRK…….what you Done□□□□□□□□ /uEYO6egg46ĭp after seeing this:)□ /v9FLgTnBXkĪ netizen tweeted, “Matlab saamne wale ki maar bhi lo.phir usay ghar tak bhi chhod ke aao…bade zalim ho miya…” Netizens took to the comment section and shared mixed response to his tweet.Ī user said, “One minute Before KRK…….what you Done” The film is directed by Kabir Khan.Yea, you read that right! KRK literally compared Deepika Padukone to the looks of Rameez Raja. Deepika Padukone is portraying the role of Romi Dev whereas Ranveer Singh is playing the character of Kapil Dev. Recently, a biopic movie has also been made on the life of the lauded cricketer, Kapil Dev called ‘83’. And movie 83 is releasing the next year 2020 in April. Being a legend Kapil Dev deserves a biopic. She is also quite interested in random writing activities as she described it as her hobby when asked in an interview. NEW DELHI, INDIA MAY 24: Former Cricketer Kapil Dev with his wife Romi Bhatia and daughter (Photo by Shivam Saxena/Hindustan Times via Getty Images) Kapil Dev movie 83 is releasing on 10 April 2020. She was born in Delhi in the year 1960 and is currently 62 years old. Romi Bhatia (now Dev) is a successful entrepreneurial businesswoman and has been over-looking and handling most of the businesses possessed by Kapil Dev. Kapil Dev Shares Why Deepika As Romi Bhatia In ‘83’ Got Mixed Reactions From His Family Anannya Chatterjee The trailer for Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone’s 83 that released last week made. All You Need To Know About Romi Dev: Name Romi Bhatia (now Dev) is a successful entrepreneurial businesswoman and has been over-looking and handling most of the businesses possessed by Kapil Dev. In a recent interview with Mid Day, director Kabir revealed what made him cast. Romi is making a net worth in between Rs 15-20 crores. Deepika Padukone, who had a short but prominent role as Kapil’s wife Romi Bhatia in the film, also won hearts. ![]() She works as the manager of the hotel, which is run by Kapil Dev. if she says yes to play Romi Bhatia, will have a short appearance in the film. Also read: Who is Derrick White wife? Know all about Hannah Schneider She has been approached to play Kapil Devs wife Romi Bhatia 83 is directed by Kabir Khan. The couple faced this dilemma for almost 14 years when, Romi was finally pregnant with their baby girl. At the end of the interview, Kabir Khan also revealed why Deepika Padukones character, Romi Bhatia, is an important part of the film, 83. Romi Dev revealed that she had faced some issues and difficulties in getting pregnant for a child as she was not being able to conceive. ![]() However, Romi divulged in an interview and disclosed about her difficulties during some period of their marriage. Kapil Dev and Romi Dev are parents to their beautiful daughter, Amiya Dev. Eventually, Romi agreed to the proposal and the couple tied the knot in the year 1980. He said “ Dear, would you like to take pictures of this beautiful place? We can show the picture to our children in the future.” However, in the course of them being friends, his lady love was already attracted to him mostly because of his simplicity and humble nature. The legendary cricketer finally decided to propose her when they were travelling together to Mumbai on a train. In his book, ‘Triumph of The Spirit’, Kapil Dev blew the gaff when he revealed how he proposed to his life partner on a train. He introduced Romi to the cricketer and he was already head over heels for her. As His On-Screen Wifey In '83 Posts Adorable Pictures. According to sources, Kapil met with his lady love in a party organized by one of their mutual friends, Sunil Bhatia in the year 1979. will essay the role of Kapil Dev's wife, Romi Bhatia in Kabir Khan's 83. ![]() ![]() ![]() Mixing and matching high and low staples is a great way to bring visual interest to an outfit. Slip a pair of high-waisted mom jeans over the Cashmere Deep V Neck Bodysuit from Michael-Kors Collection for a look that’s playful yet stylish.įor maximum comfort, wrap yourself in the Open Back Cropped Knit Sweater from Miu Miu with baggy-style mom jeans and a pair of Flow Mixed Leather Runners from Loewe. The snug fit of a bodysuit offers a nice counterbalance to the looseness of relaxed-fit pants. Pair white mom jeans with the Bottega Veneta Compact Striped Shirt Dress and Manolo Blahnik’s Perrita Suede Penny Loafers. ![]() Throw Loewe’s Asymmetric Button Front Deer Cardigan over a Prism Squared Serene- Scoop Neck Bralette with light-wash mom jeans for a Coachella-inspired look.Ī pair of mom jeans fits in nicely with elegant preppy outfits. Combine a pair of acid-wash mom jeans with Alexander McQueen’s Leather Fit & Flare Biker Jacket and a printed white T-shirt from The Row. This classic outfit combination will never go out of style. Here’s a look at some chic mom jeans outfits that are easy to put together using everyday essentials: ![]() A set of ripped mom jeans with a button-up shirt, cardigan, and platform stilettos will make a statement anywhere. From black mom jeans to light-wash blue, this style is versatile enough for any combination of tops, jackets, coats, and shoes - and the options go far beyond hoodies, graphic tees, and the other obvious casual suspects. One of the great things about denim jeans is their ability to pair with almost anything, and mom jeans are no exception. ![]() ![]() ![]() A large scale energy storage system is essentially a large battery pack, along with technology to interface with the smart grid. As the smart grid is implemented, large scale energy storage systems are expected to smooth out electricity demand as it fluctuates during the day. For years small scale battery backup systems have been used for things like emergency lights and critical systems. Energy storage systems can make intermittent energy sources like solar or wind power more feasible. "Innovations in energy storage systems are becoming more viable as the electric grid gets smarter, and Nissan is proud to work with ABB, 4R Energy and Sumitomo to help bring these possibilities to market."Įnergy storage systems are expected to become a key part of the smart grid, where it's hoped to contribute to greater efficiency, reliability, performance and facilitate integrating renewable energy into the grid. "It’s important to Nissan that we manage the complete lifecycle of the electric vehicle battery pack, even beyond its use in a Nissan car," said Ken Srebnik, senior manager, NNA Corporate Planning. The companies aim to "evaluate and test the residential and commercial applications of energy storage systems or back-up power sources using lithium-ion battery packs reclaimed from electric vehicles after use." Many have noted over the years that electric car battery packs could, in principle, be reused for other purposes. In any case, while the battery pack won't have enough remaining capacity to be used for use in a car, it still store electricity. Especially if promised longer range battery packs come into existence and especially if Nissan implements a drop in replacement battery packs with new battery technology. When brand new Nissan Leaf has a 100 mile or so range, but in a few years this will shrink to 80 miles range, which is still significant but many will want a new battery pack. It's known that after a few years of use, battery pack capacity shrinks resulting in shorter driving distances. Will the battery pack just go to a landfill, or can they be put to another use? Today Nissan announced it was working with ABB, 4R Energy and Sumitomo, to evaluate the re-use of lithium-ion battery packs currently in use in Leaf models. One of the questions related to electric vehicles is the disposition of the battery packs after a few years when capacity depletes shortening the driving range. ![]() |
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